![]() Nephrotoxicity: PEG has been connected to nephrotoxicity - a euphemism for kidney damage - when used as a drug solvent or when applied to the skin. In addition to neurotoxicity, the following serious complications have been associated with polyethylene glycol-containing laxatives: PEG is more like lead or mercury - slow-acting, insidious, and difficult to pin down conclusively onto various “slow-brewing” neurological disorders. So are snake venom, curare, botulinum, and tetanus. Lead, mercury, and arsenic are some of the best-known neurotoxins. No surprise there considering the quotation above. These conditions result from PEG's direct (through cellular damage) and indirect (through malnutrition of essential micronutrients) neurotoxicity. The term “neuropsychiatric events” in the FDA's safety alert refers to neurologic disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems such as autism, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and similar others. Ingestion of sufficient amounts can be fatal.” It and its toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system (CNS), then the heart, and finally the kidneys. “Ethylene glycol is chemically broken down in the body into toxic compounds. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, it is an extremely toxic substance: On its own, ethylene glycol is used in automotive antifreeze and brake fluid. Polyethylene glycol is made by stringing together molecules of ethylene glycol into a large polymer chain, hence the prefix poly-, Greek for many. The cutout from the MiraLAX-related posting on the FDA's website. The “3350” qualifier refers to the molecular weight of this particular variant of PEG. ”īesides MiraLAX, this warning also applies to Movicol, Dulcolax, Colyte, Colovage, Co-Lav, Clensz-Lyte, ClearLax, GoLYTELY, GaviLyte C, GlycoLax, Go-Evac, GlycoPrep, E-Z-Em Fortrans, Halflytely, Lax-a-Day, LaxLyte, MoviPrep, Macrogol, NuLytely, OCL, Peg-Lyte, Prep Lyte, Softlax, TriLyte, and all other brands with Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (PEG for short) as their active ingredient. Standard error of difference = σ w ¯ ≈ σ P w 2 n = p a + p b − ( p a − p b ) 2 n = 0.Are you getting mad or forgetful after taking a laxative? Well, according to the US Food and Drug Administration, that's what certain best-selling laxatives can do to you.īack in December of 2011, the FDA placed MiraLAX - a polyethylene glycol-containing blockbuster drug marketed by Merck & Co - on its Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) in connection to “neuropsychiatric events. The term margin of error is often used in non-survey contexts to indicate observational error in reporting measured quantities.Ĭonsider a simple yes/no poll P. The margin of error will be positive whenever a population is incompletely sampled and the outcome measure has positive variance, which is to say, whenever the measure varies. The larger the margin of error, the less confidence one should have that a poll result would reflect the result of a census of the entire population. The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in the results of a survey. Also, the further from 50% the reported percentage, the smaller the margin of error. ![]() ![]() ![]() The larger the sample, the smaller the margin of error. The margin of error is half the confidence interval (also, the radius of the interval). Each interval reflects the range within which one may have 95% confidence that the true percentage may be found, given a reported percentage of 50%. Probability densities of polls of different sizes, each color-coded to its 95% confidence interval (below), margin of error (left), and sample size (right).
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